The ecosystem of a country shapes the way FinTech organizations provide services to the poor. Yet, very little attention is given to the financial inclusion agenda and how ecosystems create opportunities and challenges for FinTech organizations. This chapter looks at policy, culture, human capital, finance, market, and support domains to present a preliminary analysis of two ecosystems in South Asia, to identify system level challenges and opportunities for FinTech organizations. The findings highlight that established FinTech organizations in a mature ecosystem have different challenges and opportunities than an ecosystem with emergent FinTechs. Hence, addressing the needs of the poor requires balancing multiple domains within the ecosystem, aligning them with the level of maturity of the system.