This research aimed to provide a more nuanced understanding of how bilingualism may impact syntactic processing, that is, the processes that humans use as they understand grammar as it unfolds in real time. Chinese-English bilinguals and English monolinguals within three age groups were compared on three syntactic abilities. The findings suggest a facilitative effect of having learned a L2 on syntactic processing. This benefit was influenced by cross-language differences in syntactic features, age, and the amount of bilingual experience.