Fog type classification using a modified Richardson number for Christchurch, New Zealand

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dc.contributor.authorLin D
dc.contributor.authorKhan B
dc.contributor.authorOsborne N
dc.contributor.authorSoltanzadeh I
dc.contributor.authorKremser S
dc.contributor.authorKaturji, Marwan
dc.contributor.authorRevell, Laura
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-11T21:25:34Z
dc.date.available2022-07-11T21:25:34Z
dc.date.issued2022en
dc.date.updated2022-06-27T01:41:21Z
dc.description.abstractSituated on a coastal plain between the Southern Alps and Banks Peninsula, Christchurch, New Zealand, experiences around 49 fog days every year. Given its complex topography, accurate fog forecasting is difficult at Christchurch International Airport (CHA). Climatological analysis of local fog events is an important first step to gain insight into the processes involved in the fog lifecycle. In this study, fog events were identified using 12 years of meteorological observations from an automatic weather station situated at CHA. A novel fog type classification method was developed using the modified Richardson number (MRi). The MRi fog type classification method assesses the local dynamic stability of a 1.25 m shallow layer of near-surface air. Here, the MRi is used as a quantitative index to classify advection fog, advection–radiation fog, and radiation fog. Vertical gradients of air temperature and wind speed were derived for prefog and fog periods, and a number of criteria were applied to the MRi for the fog type classification. The fog type classification results were examined in correspondence with the derived fog intensity, duration, diurnal and seasonal variability of frequency of occurrences, and synoptic and local wind flows. In agreement with other fog studies across the world, fog occurs most frequently during local winter and spring. Radiation fog is the predominant type of fog identified at CHA, and its formation and development usually coincide with the local drainage northwesterlies. This study is the first to use long-term observational data to investigate the fog climatology and typology at CHA in detail. The fog climatological characteristics presented in this study will serve as the basis of future fog studies in Christchurch. The presented MRi fog type classification method can potentially be used in fog characteristic studies worldwide.en
dc.identifier.citationLin D, Katurji M, Revell L, Khan B, Osborne N, Soltanzadeh I, Kremser S (2022). Fog type classification using a modified Richardson number for Christchurch, New Zealand. International Journal of Climatology.en
dc.identifier.doihttp://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7761
dc.identifier.issn0899-8418
dc.identifier.issn1097-0088
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10092/103884
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherWileyen
dc.rightsThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Climatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Meteorological Society.en
dc.rights.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10092/17651en
dc.subjectfog climatologyen
dc.subjectfog type classificationen
dc.subjectmodified Richardson numberen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::37 - Earth sciences::3701 - Atmospheric sciences::370108 - Meteorologyen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::37 - Earth sciences::3701 - Atmospheric sciences::370105 - Atmospheric dynamicsen
dc.titleFog type classification using a modified Richardson number for Christchurch, New Zealanden
dc.typeJournal Articleen
uc.collegeFaculty of Science
uc.departmentSchool of Earth and Environment
uc.departmentSchool of Physical & Chemical Sciences
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