Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand

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dc.contributor.authorKilgour G
dc.contributor.authorGates S
dc.contributor.authorKennedy B
dc.contributor.authorFarquhar A
dc.contributor.authorMcSporran A
dc.contributor.authorAsher C
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-10T21:49:18Z
dc.date.available2019-12-10T21:49:18Z
dc.date.issued2019en
dc.date.updated2019-11-07T23:11:31Z
dc.description.abstract© 2019, The Author(s). On 27 April 2016, White Island erupted in a multi-pulse, phreatic event that lasted for ~ 40 min. Six, variably sized pulses generated three ballistic ejections and at least one pyroclastic surge out of the inner crater and onto the main crater floor. Deposit mapping of the pyroclastic surge and directed ballistic ejecta, combined with numerical modelling, is used to constrain the volume of the ejecta and the energetics of the eruption. Vent locations and directionality of the eruption are constrained by the ballistic modelling, suggesting that the vent/s were angled towards the east. Using these data, a model is developed that comports with the field and geophysical data. One of the main factors modifying the dispersal of the eruption deposits is the inner crater wall, which is ~ 20 m high. This wall prevents some of the pyroclastic surge and ballistic ejecta from being deposited onto the main crater floor but also promotes significant inflation of the surge, generating a semi-buoyant plume that deposits ash high on the crater walls. While the eruption is small volume, the complexity determined from the deposits provides a case study with which to assess the relatively frequent hazards posed by active volcanoes that host hydrothermal systems. The deposits of this and similar eruptions are readily eroded, and for complete understanding of volcanic hazards, it is necessary to make observations and collect samples soon after these events.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].en
dc.identifier.citationKilgour G, Gates S, Kennedy B, Farquhar A, McSporran A, Asher C (2019). Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand. Earth, Planets and Space. 71(1).en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1008-8
dc.identifier.issn1343-8832
dc.identifier.issn1880-5981
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10092/17785
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creative commons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.en
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::37 - Earth sciences::3705 - Geology::370512 - Volcanologyen
dc.titlePhreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealanden
dc.typeJournal Articleen
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