The Economic Integration of Women Refugee Entrepreneurs in New Zealand
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Abstract
Forcible displacement and asylum-seeking experiences shape refugee women’s social and economic integration into host communities. Applying a mixed-embeddedness theoretical frame, this chapter studies how women refugees’ asylum-seeking journey and resettlement experience shaped their business start-up and development in the host country. We chronicled four women refugee entrepreneurs in New Zealand to illustrate the social, cultural, economic and institutional factors that affect their everyday businesses experiences. These experiences are embedded in multiple contextual layers related to home country, transitional journey and host country events. Business activities require both adult and young women, who arrived in New Zealand as refugees, to reconcile their host and home country identities and asylum-seeking journey. These findings advance the mixed-embeddedness narrative on refugee women in business.