This work does not aim to describe the actual machinery and achievements of the Provincial Government of Canterbury, but to consider the attitude of the general public towards the Provincial Government at various stages of its existence. From the first there was forecasted not only the probable clash between the Central and the Provincial Governments, but also its inevitable result, the passing away of the Provincial system. Undoubtedly, during the first decade after 1852, Canterbury people were more interested in their own Provincial Council than in the General Assembly. An attempt has been made to explain why this attitude changed, and to describe the effect of this changed attitude on the Provincial system. Original authorities have been consulted where possible and in setting down the opinion of individuals, due weight has been given to their importance and influence on contemporary thought.