Three-Dimensional Surface Displacements During the 2016 M<inf>W</inf> 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (New Zealand) From Photogrammetry-Derived Point Clouds

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dc.contributor.authorNissen E
dc.contributor.authorClark K
dc.contributor.authorKearse J
dc.contributor.authorVan Dissen R
dc.contributor.authorVillamor P
dc.contributor.authorLangridge R
dc.contributor.authorJones K
dc.contributor.authorHowell, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorStahl, Timothy
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-04T00:04:52Z
dc.date.available2021-06-04T00:04:52Z
dc.date.issued2020en
dc.date.updated2021-05-04T22:00:45Z
dc.description.abstractHigh-resolution, three-dimensional (3-D) measurements of surface displacements during earthquakes can provide constraints on fault geometry and near-surface slip and also quantify on-fault and off-fault deformation. However, measurements of surface displacements are often hampered by a lack of high-resolution preearthquake elevation data, such as lidar. For example, preearthquake lidar for the 2016 M 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake only covers ≲10% of ~180 km of mapped surface ruptures. To overcome a lack of preearthquake lidar, we measure 3-D coseismic displacements during the Kaikōura earthquake using point clouds generated from aerial photographs. From these point clouds, which cover the whole area of the 2016 surface ruptures, it is possible to measure 3-D displacements to within ±0.2 m. We measure coseismic slip and estimate the geometries of faults in the steep, inaccessible Seaward Kaikōura mountains, where postearthquake field observations are very sparse. The Jordan Fault (previously the Jordan Thrust) ruptured in 2016 as a moderate-to-steeply dipping (~50–80°), predominantly strike-slip fault. Slip on this fault in 2016—which included a normal-sense component in some areas—contrasts with field observations that indicate significant longer-term shortening across the Jordan Fault during the Holocene. It is therefore likely that different earthquakes on the Jordan Fault have very different slip vectors and that the fault does not exhibit “characteristic” slip behavior. For faults like the Jordan Fault, long-term time-averaged estimates of slip rate may not be reliable indicators of the sense and magnitude of slip in individual earthquakes.en
dc.identifier.citationHowell A, Nissen E, Stahl T, Clark K, Kearse J, Van Dissen R, Villamor P, Langridge R, Jones K (2020). Three-Dimensional Surface Displacements During the 2016 M<inf>W</inf> 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (New Zealand) From Photogrammetry-Derived Point Clouds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 125(1).en
dc.identifier.doihttp://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018739
dc.identifier.issn2169-9313
dc.identifier.issn2169-9356
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10092/101980
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)en
dc.rightsAll rights reserved unless otherwise stateden
dc.rights.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10092/17651en
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::37 - Earth sciences::3705 - Geology::370511 - Structural geology and tectonicsen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::37 - Earth sciences::3706 - Geophysics::370609 - Seismology and seismic explorationen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::37 - Earth sciences::3706 - Geophysics::370603 - Geodesyen
dc.titleThree-Dimensional Surface Displacements During the 2016 M<inf>W</inf> 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (New Zealand) From Photogrammetry-Derived Point Cloudsen
dc.typeJournal Articleen
uc.collegeFaculty of Science
uc.departmentSchool of Earth and Environment
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