Are null segregants new combinations of heritable material and should they be regulated?

Type of content
Journal Article
Thesis discipline
Degree name
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Language
eng
Date
2022
Authors
Heinemann JA
Clark K
Hiscox TC
McCabe AW
Agapito-Tenfen SZ
Abstract

Through genome editing and other techniques of gene technology, it is possible to create a class of organism called null segregants. These genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are products of gene technology but are argued to have no lingering vestige of the technology after the segregation of chromosomes or deletion of insertions. From that viewpoint regulations are redundant because any unique potential for the use of gene technology to cause harm has also been removed. We tackle this question of international interest by reviewing the early history of the purpose of gene technology regulation. The active ingredients of techniques used for guided mutagenesis, e.g., site-directed nucleases, such as CRISPR/Cas, are promoted for having a lower potential per reaction to create a hazard. However, others see this as a desirable industrial property of the reagents that will lead to genome editing being used more and nullifying the promised hazard mitigation. The contest between views revolves around whether regulations could alter the risks in the responsible use of gene technology. We conclude that gene technology, even when used to make null segregants, has characteristics that make regulation a reasonable option for mitigating potential harm. Those characteristics are that it allows people to create more harm faster, even if it creates benefits as well; the potential for harm increases with increased use of the technique, but safety does not; and regulations can control harm scaling.

Description
Citation
Heinemann JA, Clark K, Hiscox TC, McCabe AW, Agapito-Tenfen SZ (2022). Are null segregants new combinations of heritable material and should they be regulated?. Frontiers in Genome Editing. 4. 1064103-.
Keywords
gene technology, null/negative segregants, regulation, risk assessment, scale, sustainable development goal 12, sustainable development goal 13
Ngā upoko tukutuku/Māori subject headings
ANZSRC fields of research
Rights
All rights reserved unless otherwise stated