Investigating spatial variation and change (2006–2017) in childhood immunisation coverage in New Zealand

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dc.contributor.authorMarek L
dc.contributor.authorHobbs M
dc.contributor.authorMcCarthy J
dc.contributor.authorWiki J
dc.contributor.authorTomintz M
dc.contributor.authorCampbell M
dc.contributor.authorKingham, Simon
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-02T00:52:40Z
dc.date.available2020-10-02T00:52:40Z
dc.date.issued2020en
dc.date.updated2020-08-27T01:17:50Z
dc.description.abstractBackground Immunisation is a safe and effective way of protecting children and adults against harmful diseases. However, immunisation coverage of children is declining in some parts of New Zealand. Aim Use a nationwide sample to first, examine the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of immunisation coverage and spatial variation in these determinants. Second, it investigates change in immunisation coverage in New Zealand over time. Methods Individual immunisation records were obtained from the National Immunisation Register (NIR) (2005–2017; 4,482,499 events). We calculated the average immunisation coverage by year and milestone age for census area units (CAU) and then examined the immunisation coverage by selected socioeconomic and demographic determinants. Finally, local variations in the association between immunisation coverage and selected determinants were investigated using geographically weighted regression. Results Findings showed a decrease of immunisation rates in recent years in CAUs with high immunisation coverage in the least deprived areas and increasing immunisation rates in more deprived areas. Nearly all explanatory variables exhibited a spatial variation in their association with immunisation coverage. For instance, the strongest negative effect of area-level deprivation is observed in the northern part of the South Island, the central-southern part of the North Island, around Auckland, and in Northland. Conclusion Our findings show that childhood immunisation coverage varies by socioeconomic and demographic factors across CAUs. We also identify important spatial variation and changes over time in recent years. This evidence can be used to improve immunisation related policy in New Zealand.en
dc.identifier.citationMarek L, Hobbs M, McCarthy J, Wiki J, Tomintz M, Campbell M, Kingham S (2020). Investigating spatial variation and change (2006–2017) in childhood immunisation coverage in New Zealand. Social Science & Medicine. 113292-113292.en
dc.identifier.doihttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113292
dc.identifier.issn0277-9536
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10092/101093
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier BVen
dc.rightsAll rights reserved unless otherwise stateden
dc.rights.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10092/17651en
dc.subjectImmunisation coverageen
dc.subjectNew Zealanden
dc.subjectSocioeconomic determinantsen
dc.subjectGeographically weighted regressionen
dc.subjectSpatial variationen
dc.subject.anzsrc11 Medical and Health Sciencesen
dc.subject.anzsrc14 Economicsen
dc.subject.anzsrc16 Studies in Human Societyen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::44 - Human society::4406 - Human geography::440605 - Health geographyen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::42 - Health sciences::4202 - Epidemiology::420210 - Social epidemiologyen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::42 - Health sciences::4206 - Public health::420601 - Community child healthen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::42 - Health sciences::4206 - Public health::420605 - Preventative health careen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::40 - Engineering::4013 - Geomatic engineering::401302 - Geospatial information systems and geospatial data modellingen
dc.titleInvestigating spatial variation and change (2006–2017) in childhood immunisation coverage in New Zealanden
dc.typeJournal Articleen
uc.collegeService Unit
uc.departmentSchool of Earth and Environment
uc.departmentGeospatial Research Institute
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