Incorporating Hierarchy into Conventional Zeolites for Catalytic Biomass Conversions: A Review

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dc.contributor.authorKhan W
dc.contributor.authorJia X
dc.contributor.authorWu Z
dc.contributor.authorChoi J
dc.contributor.authorYip ACK
dc.date.accessioned2019-03-13T22:36:46Z
dc.date.available2019-03-13T22:36:46Z
dc.date.issued2019en
dc.date.updated2019-01-31T21:03:19Z
dc.description.abstractZeolites are promising catalysts that are widely used in petrochemical, oil, and gas industries due to their unique characteristics, such as ordered microporous networks, good hydrothermal stability, large surface area, tunable acidity, and shape-selectivity. Nevertheless, the sole presence of microporous channels in zeolites inevitably restricts the diffusion of bulky reactants and products into and out of the microporous networks, leading to retarded reaction rates or catalyst deactivation. This problem can be overcome by developing hierarchical zeolites which involve mesoporous and macroporous networks. The meso- and macro-porosities can enhance the mass transport of molecules and simultaneously maintain the intrinsic shape selectivity of zeolite microporosity. Hierarchical zeolites are mainly developed through post-synthesis and pre-synthesis or in situ modification of zeolites. In this review, we evaluated both pre-synthesis and post-synthesis modification strategies with more focus on post-synthesis modification strategies. The role of various synthesis strategies on the intrinsic properties of hierarchical zeolites is discussed. The catalytic performance of hierarchical zeolites in important biomass reactions, such as catalytic pyrolysis of biomass feedstock and upgradation of bio-oil, has been summarized. The utilization of hierarchical zeolites tends to give a higher aromatic yield than conventional zeolites with microporosity solely.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/catal9020127
dc.identifier.issn2073-4344
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10092/16566
dc.language.isoen
dc.rights© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en
dc.subjecthierarchical zeoliteen
dc.subjectsynthesisen
dc.subjectmicroporesen
dc.subjectdeactivationen
dc.subjectbiomass conversionen
dc.subjectmesoporesen
dc.subject.anzsrcField of Research::03 - Chemical Sciences::0303 - Macromolecular and Materials Chemistryen
dc.titleIncorporating Hierarchy into Conventional Zeolites for Catalytic Biomass Conversions: A Reviewen
dc.typeJournal Articleen
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