The training of choice behaviours in Downs syndrome and normal children
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The integration of Downs Syndrome Children into free-choice pre school programmes requires the ability to make choices from a variety of play activities. Observations were made of Downs Syndrome and normal children in free-choice situations. Deficits in choice be haviours of both groups formed the basis of the training programme. Four major deficits emerged: (i} The children did not scan alterna tives but chose the closest activity; (ii) The same activity was often repeated; (iii) Distractions interfered with completion of initial choice; (iv) Imitation of non-goal directed peer activity. Three Downs Syndrome and three normal Children who showed similar choice behaviours participated in the training. An additional three normal children who demonstrated mature choice behaviours participated in the testing sessions only. The training programme involved three phases: i) structured table situation involving a choice from three different toys on the table; (ii) structured indoor choice involving a choice of three different activities located within 1½-2 feet of each other; (iv) free-choice with the use of phase two procedures if the child failed to make a choice or chose the closest activity. Pre-school staff were involved in phases two and three of the training programme. Adult modelling, social reinforcement and systematic use of instructions were used to establish the behaviours. The children were tested on target behaviours before training and at the completion of each phase. Results indicate an increase in target behaviours by the end of phase one, which was maintained in subsequent phases of training. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.