In accordance with the conditions set by the Court, this submission is filed in connection with the Case of the Indigenous Maya Q’eqchi’ Agua Caliente Community v Guatemala. The Inter-American system for the protection of human rights is one of the most important normative venues regarding the recognition and implementation of Indigenous peoples’ rights. The reasoning adopted by the Court in this case will impact Indigenous peoples’ across the globe. Because of the potential impact of this decision, we have decided to submit this Amicus Curiae brief. We are a group of international law academics, international lawyers, and human rights advocates with expertise in the rights of Indigenous peoples. We are members of the American Society of International Law’s Rights of Indigenous Peoples Interest Group, though we have prepared this submission in a personal capacity. Our submission does not reflect the views of the American Society of International Law.