Different museums have different systems for addressing problems associated with agents of deterioration. There are guidelines from regional and international governing bodies, such as the Pacific Islands Museums Association (PIMA) and the International Council of Museums (ICOM), on maintaining museum collections. The guidelines are based on many knowledge contributions to heritage conservation and preservation over time. However, the ‘governing bodies’ do not directly handle the museum collections within the museums' custody, and therefore, it is their (museums’) responsibility to develop systems that are practical in their capacity to achieve their goals. This case study presents the context of the situation at the and addresses possible threats from problems that are likely to influence conservation efforts. The article includes an illustration of case studies on three agents of deterioration (incorrect relative humidity, incorrect temperature, and pests) and the widespread presence of mould within the building. The analysis of the ‘cause-risk-effect’ attributes threats to systems breakdowns and situations such as lack of proper policy guidelines and deficiency in knowledge capacity, that put the museum collections at risk.