Early Detection of Invasive Exotic Trees Using UAV and Manned Aircraft Multispectral and LiDAR Data

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dc.contributor.authorDash JP
dc.contributor.authorWatt MS
dc.contributor.authorPaul TSH
dc.contributor.authorMorgenroth J
dc.contributor.authorPearse GD
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-10T20:12:32Z
dc.date.available2019-11-10T20:12:32Z
dc.date.issued2019en
dc.date.updated2019-08-02T03:49:45Z
dc.description.abstractExotic conifers can provide significant ecosystem services, but in some environments, they have become invasive and threaten indigenous ecosystems. In New Zealand, this phenomenon is of considerable concern as the area occupied by invasive exotic trees is large and increasing rapidly. Remote sensing methods offer a potential means of identifying and monitoring land infested by these trees, enabling managers to efficiently allocate resources for their control. In this study, we sought to develop methods for remote detection of exotic invasive trees, namely Pinus sylvestris and P. ponderosa. Critically, the study aimed to detect these species prior to the onset of maturity and coning as this is important for preventing further spread. In the study environment in New Zealand’s South Island, these species reach maturity and begin bearing cones at a young age. As such, detection of these smaller individuals requires specialist methods and very high-resolution remote sensing data. We examined the efficacy of classifiers developed using two machine learning algorithms with multispectral and laser scanning data collected from two platforms—manned aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The study focused on a localized conifer invasion originating from a multi-species pine shelter belt in a grassland environment. This environment provided a useful means of defining the detection thresholds of the methods and technologies employed. An extensive field dataset including over 17,000 trees (height range = 1 cm to 476 cm) was used as an independent validation dataset for the detection methods developed. We found that data from both platforms and using both logistic regression and random forests for classification provided highly accurate (kappa <0.996) detection of invasive conifers. Our analysis showed that the data from both UAV and manned aircraft was useful for detecting trees down to 1 m in height and therefore shorter than 99.3% of the coning individuals in the study dataset. We also explored the relative contribution of both multispectral and airborne laser scanning (ALS) data in the detection of invasive trees through fitting classification models with different combinations of predictors and found that the most useful models included data from both sensors. However, the combination of ALS and multispectral data did not significantly improve classification accuracy. We believe that this was due to the simplistic vegetation and terrain structure in the study site that resulted in uncomplicated separability of invasive conifers from other vegetation. This study provides valuable new knowledge of the efficacy of detecting invasive conifers prior to the onset of coning using high-resolution data from UAV and manned aircraft. This will be an important tool in managing the spread of these important invasive plants.en
dc.identifier.citationDash JP, Watt MS, Paul TSH, Morgenroth J, Pearse GD (2019). Early Detection of Invasive Exotic Trees Using UAV and Manned Aircraft Multispectral and LiDAR Data. Remote Sensing. 11(15).en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/rs11151812
dc.identifier.issn2072-4292
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10092/17580
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectbio-securityen
dc.subjectLiDARen
dc.subjectinvasive plantsen
dc.subjectrandom foresten
dc.subjectlogistic regressionen
dc.subjectdronesen
dc.subjectRPASen
dc.subjectinvasion monitoringen
dc.subjectinvasive alien plantsen
dc.subjectmultispectralen
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::30 - Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences::3007 - Forestry sciences::300707 - Forestry management and environmenten
dc.subject.anzsrcFields of Research::30 - Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences::3007 - Forestry sciences::300799 - Forestry sciences not elsewhere classifieden
dc.subject.anzsrcField of Research::09 - Engineering::0901 - Aerospace Engineeringen
dc.titleEarly Detection of Invasive Exotic Trees Using UAV and Manned Aircraft Multispectral and LiDAR Dataen
dc.typeJournal Articleen
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