Indigenous people in Aotearoa New Zealand are overrepresented in cannabis convictions

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dc.contributor.authorRapana W
dc.contributor.authorWinter, Taylor
dc.contributor.authorFox R
dc.contributor.authorRiordan BC
dc.contributor.authorKulkarni R
dc.contributor.authorWaitoki W
dc.contributor.authorScarf D
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-11T00:35:11Z
dc.date.available2025-02-11T00:35:11Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractBackground: Previous work has demonstrated that cannabis laws have had a disproportionate impact on Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand. In 2019, the New Zealand Government amended cannabis laws, providing police with the power to determine whether a therapeutic or health-centred approach would be more beneficial than a conviction. In the current study, we use population level data to assess whether this law change has ameliorated the bias in cannabis convictions for Māori. Methods: Data were drawn from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI), a large government database hosted by Aotearoa New Zealand’s national statistics office. In the IDI, we selected individuals who (1) were between 18 and 65, (2) were Māori or Pākehā (New Zealanders of European descent) and, (3) had any cannabis charges that proceeded to the courts. Results: Māori ethnicity was a significant predictor of the odds of receiving a cannabis conviction for Māori males (Odds: 1.56), with a marginally significant effect for Māori females (Odds: 1.57). Further, for Māori, there was no reduction in the number of cannabis charges before vs. after the amendment to cannabis laws. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that the bias in cannabis convictions for Māori remain. Given this, the New Zealand Government must follow other countries around the world and move forward on cannabis law reform.
dc.identifier.citationRapana W, Winter T, Fox R, Riordan BC, Kulkarni R, Waitoki W, Scarf D (2022). Indigenous people in Aotearoa New Zealand are overrepresented in cannabis convictions. Harm Reduction Journal. 19(1). 28-.
dc.identifier.doihttp://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-022-00613-9
dc.identifier.issn1477-7517
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10092/107973
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4. 0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1. 0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
dc.rights.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10092/17651
dc.subjecthumans
dc.subjectcannabis
dc.subjectNew Zealand
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectindigenous Peoples
dc.subjectethnicity
dc.subjectracism
dc.subjectdecriminalisation
dc.subjectdrug policy
dc.subjectcannabis policy
dc.subjectpopulation data
dc.subject.anzsrc44 - Human society::4402 - Criminology::440213 - Race/ethnicity and crime
dc.subject.anzsrc44 - Human society::4402 - Criminology::440204 - Crime and social justice
dc.subject.anzsrc48 - Law and legal studies::4804 - Law in context::480413 - Race, ethnicity and law
dc.subject.anzsrc48 - Law and legal studies::4804 - Law in context::480405 - Law and society and socio-legal research
dc.subject.anzsrc48 - Law and legal studies::4804 - Law in context::480401 - Criminal law
dc.subject.anzsrc48 - Law and legal studies::4804 - Law in context::480406 - Law reform
dc.subject.anzsrc45 - Indigenous studies::4511 - Ngā tāngata, te porihanga me ngā hapori o te Māori (Māori peoples, society and community)::451108 - Te mātauranga taihara Māori (Māori criminology)
dc.subject.mshTāngata whenua | Indigenous people (Aotearoa); Māori people; People, Māori
dc.subject.mshTure | Laws::Pūnaha ture taihara | Tīpokapoka o te ture; Criminal justice system
dc.titleIndigenous people in Aotearoa New Zealand are overrepresented in cannabis convictions
dc.typeJournal Article
uc.collegeFaculty of Engineering
uc.departmentMathematics and Statistics
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