Soon after the first permanent colonists came to the South Island the first flour-mills were established to produce flour for the needs of the population. Since that day technological progress has brought changes in the location of mills. The development of milling is outlined in this thesis together with the impact that new inventions have had on the pattern of mill locations in various time periods. Factors other than inventions are also discussed. These include the regulation of the industry by millers themselves, and, more recently the impact that government control has had on the pattern of mills. Through an historical study it is possible to see how the contemporary pattern evolved. A base is created by this work from which future researchers can gain an insight into the factors that have affected mill locations in the past and which must be borne in mind when predicting future trends. Recommendations are made as to possible lines upon which study could be undertaken.