The masting species of New Zealand broadleaf-podocarp forests.

Type of content
Theses / Dissertations
Publisher's DOI/URI
Thesis discipline
Biological Sciences
Degree name
Master of Science
Publisher
University of Canterbury
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Language
English
Date
2018
Authors
Webb, Clinton James
Abstract

Mast seeding is an evolved trait where individuals within a population synchronise their large interannual reproductive efforts, providing selective reproductive advantages. Synchronisation of large seed crops in masting species creates resource pulses for seed consuming species, with bottom up effects on local ecosystems. These bottom up effects may extend through multiple trophic levels, altering predator prey relationships. Large seed events of masting species in New Zealand forests have been associated with increased predator abundances and subsequent predation risk on native bird species. However, little is known about the masting characteristics of species in New Zealand’s broadleaf-podocarp forests. To remedy this, I performed I analysis on 57 datasets, including 26 species, from eight broadleaf-podocarp forests in New Zealand. My thesis aimed to describe the masting characteristics of these species in a quantitative fashion. This involved quantifying the variability of these species, identifying relationships in synchrony (within and between species), and creating weather-based models to predict large seed events. I discovered that species in New Zealand’s broadleaf podocarps form a continuous scale of masting intensity. Variability of species with fruit sizes > 10 mm were found to have low synchrony, which may be due to limited disperser species resulting in higher risk of disperser satiation. High levels of synchrony between geographically distant populations was found in hinau (Elaeocarpus dentatus), kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides), rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) and supplejack (Ripogonum scandensI). Synchrony between populations of kahikatea occurred due to individuals synchronising with a floral cue involving summer temperatures. Large seed years in kahikatea occurred when warm summers in the year of floral initiation were preceded by cool summers in the previous year. Many species in broadleaf-podocarp forests were found to be highly synchronous in their among year reproductive effort. This is likely due to a paucity of potential floral cues. No relationship was identified with variability of seed production and synchrony between species. This suggested that the highly variable species in broadleaf podocarp forests are not consistently synchronous. Lack of synchrony between the highly variable broadleaf-podocarp species likely reduces the size of resource pulses, creating more consistent among year resources for consuming species. Due to this, I suggest that pest management efforts should be more consistent than in forests with types with highly variable resource levels.

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Ngā upoko tukutuku/Māori subject headings
ANZSRC fields of research
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All Rights Reserved