This thesis explores next generation passive and semi-active tuned mass damper (PTMD and SATMD) building systems for reducing the seismic response of tall structures and mitigating damage. The proposed structural configuration separates the upper storey(s) of a structure to act as the 'tuned' mass, either passively or semi-actively. In the view point of traditional TMD system theory, this alternative approach avoids adding excessive redundant mass that is rarely used. In particular, it is proposed to replace the passive spring damper system with a semi-active resetable device based system (SATMD). This semi-active approach uses feedback control to alter or manipulate the reaction forces, effectively re-tuning the system depending on the structural response. In this trade-off parametric study, the efficacy of spreading stiffness between resetable devices and rubber bearings is illustrated. Spectral analysis of simplified 2-DOF model explores the efficacy of these modified structural control systems and the general validity of the optimal derived parameters is demonstrated. The end result of the spectral analysis is an optimally-based initial design approach that fits into accepted design methods. Realistic suites of earthquake ground motion records, representing seismic excitations of specific return period probability, are utilised, with lognormal statistical analysis used to represent the response distribution. This probabilistic approach avoids bias toward any particular type of ground motion or frequency content. Statistical analysis of the performance over these suites thus better indicates the true overall efficacy of the PTMD and SATMD building systems considered. Several cases of the segregated multi-storey TMD building structures utilising passive devices (PTMD) and semi-active resetable devices (SATMD) are described and analysed. The SATMD building systems show significant promise for applications of structural control, particularly for cases where extra storeys might be added during retrofit, redevelopment or upgrade. The SATMD approach offers advantages over PTMD building systems in the consistent response reductions seen over a broad range of structural natural frequencies. Using an array of performance metrics the overall structural performance is examined without the typically narrow focus found in other studies. Performance comparisons are based on statistically calculated storey/structural hysteretic energy and storey/structural damage demands, as well as conventional structural response performance indices. Overall, this research presents a methodology for designing SATMD building systems, highlighting the adaptable structural configuration and the performance obtained. Thus, there is good potential for SATMD building systems, especially in retrofit where lack of space constrains some future urban development to expand upward. Finally, the approach presented offers an insight into how rethinking typical solutions with new technology can offer dramatic improvements that might not otherwise be expected or obtainable.