Fragiacomo, M.Ceccotti, A.2007-05-172007-05-172006Fragiacomo, M., Ceccotti, A. (2006) Long-term behavior of timber–concrete composite beams. I: Finite element modeling and validation. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 132(1), pp. 13-22.0733-9445http://hdl.handle.net/10092/29http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:1(13)This first part of two companion papers deals with the numerical modeling of timber–concrete composite beams (TCCs) under long-term loading. All phenomena affecting the long-term behavior of timber, concrete, and the connection system, such as creep, mechanosorptive creep, shrinkage/swelling, and temperature variations, are fully considered. The structural problem is solved through a uniaxial finite element model with flexible connection and a step-by-step numerical procedure over time. The important role played by the environmental thermohygrometric variations on TCCs is highlighted through some analyses. The proposed numerical procedure is validated on two long-term experimental tests in outdoor conditions. Despite some uncertainties in environmental conditions and material properties, a good fit between experimental and numerical results is obtained. A parametric analysis is performed in the second part, showing the contribution of different rheological phenomena and thermohygrometric variations on beam deflection and connection slip. Based on results carried out, a simplified approach for long-term evaluation of TCCs is then proposed.encomposite beamscreepfinite element methodtime dependenceshrinkagetimber constructionwooden structuresJournal ArticleFields of Research::290000 Engineering and Technology::290800 Civil Engineering::290801 Structural engineeringhttps://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:1(13)