The thesis begins by considering the state of organised labour in Christchurch around 1900. Detailed attention is then paid to the role of trade union in 1905, to wage levels and to employment. Conflicts in the workplace over wages and control of the labour process, which were becoming more severe, are analysed in selected industries. The evolution of the Canterbury Trades and Labour Council and its attitude to political and industrial organisation are discussed. The attempts of Christchurch workers to form an independent political party are examined. Finally, there is discussion and analysis of the crisis of 1913 and its effects on the labour movement.