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    Language, Ethnicity, and Belonging for the Children of Migrants in New Zealand (2018)

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    Type of Content
    Journal Article
    UC Permalink
    http://hdl.handle.net/10092/15788
    
    Publisher's DOI/URI
    https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018782571
    
    ISSN
    2158-2440
    2158-2440
    Collections
    • Arts: Journal Articles [316]
    • Child Well-being Research Institute: Research [11]
    Authors
    Cunningham U
    King J
    show all
    Abstract

    The children of migrants grow up with influence from at least two cultures, and they must negotiate their path to adulthood through one or more ethnicities and one or more language varieties that may set them apart from the majority population. We asked how teenagers born to migrant parents in an English-speaking context appeal to the cultures and/or ethnicities they identify with to explain their language choices and perceptions of belonging. More than 50 interviews were carried out with teenagers who identified as speakers of the minority language of their parents (Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Korean, or Spanish), and one or both parents of such young people. The focus of the interviews was the minority language, but they became narratives of belonging. Thematic analysis of the transcribed and (where necessary) translated interviews revealed patterns in the perceptions of the teens and their parents. The reported self-perceived proficiency of the teenagers in the minority language, their perception of their ethnicity (particularly but not exclusively for the Chinese and Korean teens) and the culture of the host country, diasporic, and home country communities- were factors in when and how the teens chose to use the minority language, and in how they identified as, for example, Dutch. More than 160 languages are spoken in New Zealand; 25% of the population was born elsewhere, yet the country is one of the most monolingual in the world. This study reveals tensions affecting the willingness of New Zealand–born young people to openly identify with their parents’ ethnicity and to use their languages. Lessons learned from those who raised bilingual children in New Zealand in the face of minimal official support and overwhelming pressure from English will be valuable to other parents and caregivers in New Zealand and elsewhere.

    Keywords
    bilingualism; identity; culture; ethnicity; liminality; belonging
    ANZSRC Fields of Research
    47 - Language, communication and culture::4702 - Cultural studies::470211 - Migrant cultural studies
    47 - Language, communication and culture::4703 - Language studies::470304 - Comparative language studies
    47 - Language, communication and culture::4704 - Linguistics::470411 - Sociolinguistics
    Rights
    Creative Commons CC BY: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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