China and Antarctica: Hot ambitions in an icy climate

Abstract

The Chinese presence is becoming increasingly conspicuous in Antarctica. With four established bases and plans for further bases on the continent, China appears intent to become a leader on the ice. A full consultative party (CP) since 1985, China has, within a relatively short amount of time, become an AT member that seems especially eager to grow and consolidate its presence on the ice. China's Antarctic engagement appears to reflect its general foreign policy and economic intentions (i.e. economic expansion and growth of socio- or geopolitical presence and resulting power). This critical review explores China's history, developments, and ambitions in Antarctica as part of a global commons environment. The hypothesis is brought forward that developments are indicative of an international development towards militarization and spatial expansion in Antarctica, in the context of 'the Asian century'. In terms of international cooperation and co-existence in Antarctica, China's scramble for increased presence and geopolitical reach could lead to increasing suspicion and tension among Treaty members and an elevated need for the ATS to monitor, secure, and govern international adherence to its basic principles and ambitions. Suggestions for further research are given.