Existing studies reveal that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to enhance disaster management for reducing disaster risks. However, geospatial information acquisition is a key challenge when using GIS for disaster management, particularly in developing countries. A number of studies reveal that Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) has potential as an alternative method for collecting geospatial information in disaster management. Researchers have called for the development of a framework to account VGI issues.

This thesis presented a framework to improve VGI use in disaster management by using a qualitative case study of VGI use for flood management in Jakarta. Two qualitative techniques were applied for data collection to identify VGI potential, limitations, and opportunities in disaster management: (i) in-depth structured interviews of 13 participants with experience in producing, managing, and using VGI for disaster management in Jakarta, and (ii) a focus group discussion (FGD) with 13 individuals from a local community with experience in conducting VGI activities to reduce flood risks in their local area. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.

Findings from this thesis include how stakeholders in Jakarta are extending the use of VGI in management by using collaborative mapping and geo-located reporting tools. VGI can provide advantages, such as cost-benefit ratios, functionality, and knowledge adding attributes. This thesis also identified that VGI issues comprise legal, credibility, public participation, stakeholder engagement, and interoperability. A key contribution of this thesis is a VGI-disaster management framework which comprises non-technical and technical components. This framework builds a strong foundation to enable VGI proliferation in disaster management for government and non-government.