Sub-cubic cost algorithms for the all pairs shortest path problem.
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In this paper we give three sub-cubic cost algorithms for the all pairs shortest distance (APSD) and path (APSP) problems. The first is a parallel algorithm that solves the APSD problem for a directed graph with unit edge costs in O(log 2 n) time with O(nμ [square root] plog n) processors where μ = 2:688 on an EREW-PRAM. The second parallel algorithm solves the APSP, and consequently APSD, problem for a directed graph with non-negative general costs (real numbers) in O(log 2 n) time with o(n 3 ) subcubic cost. Previously this cost was greater than O(n 3 ). Finally we improve with respect to M the complexity O((Mn) μ) of a sequential algorithm for a graph with edge costs up to M into O(M 1/3 n (6+w)/3 (log n) 2/3 (log log n) 1/3 ) in the APSD problem, where w = 2:376.