The literature on the exact sciences in Sanskrit in the second millennium is significant from a historical point of view because of the emergence of innovative ideas, systematization of the traditional knowledge, advanced technicality, creativity of the scientific writing style, and so on. Śrīpati, a mathematician-astronomer, is the first known writer of exact sciences in this era. He lived in the 11th century most probably in Maharashtra and he wrote in a vast range of subjects from astrology to astronomy. In spite of his prolific writings and influence in the early stages of the second millennium, Śrīpati has been understudied. Śrīpati is the first author who wrote a separate mathematical text while still retaining all the main mathematical rules in theoretical astronomical texts. It is Śrīpati who used different elegant metrical forms in versification of mathematical rules. Most importantly, he invented several rules in arithmetic and provided inspiration for successive mathematicians and astronomers especially Bhāskara II.

In this thesis we provide a critical edition of the 13th chapter of Śrīpati’s Siddhāntaśekhara, an astronomical work, consulting the published edition and three manuscripts and his Gaṇitatilaka, his arithmetic text, based on the published edition. They are followed by the critical translation and the commentary where mathematical analysis of all the rules is given. These mathematical rules, procedures, and executions are compared with that of other preceding and succeeding mathematical authors mainly in identifying Śrīpati’s contribution and innovation. We attempt to understand Śrīpati’s role in the history of Indian mathematics, how he was influenced by his predecessors, his influence on succeeding mathematicians, and to contextualize the mathematical rules given in both texts. This research will also examine, wherever possible, the use of mathematical rules given in the texts in daily practices, similarity or differences of the same rule in different texts, the characteristics of the executions of rules, and the commentators’ approaches to the base texts.