http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1 2013-05-23T01:27:20Z http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7743 Title: Travel adaptive capacity assessment for particular geographic, demographic and activity cohorts. NZ Transport Agency research report 486 Authors: Krumdieck, S.; Page, S.; Watcharasukarn, M. Abstract: Transport infrastructure and network planning must now consider oil shocks and future demand growth for more energy efficient transport modes. However, data and models for this type of fuel reduction planning are not available. Travel adaptive capacity is proposed as a measure of the resilience of travel demand to a reduction in fuel use for personal vehicle trips while not reducing participation in activities. Travel adaptive potential characterises the ways that populations can change modes to reduce fuel use without reducing participation in activities. The travel adaptive capacity assessment (TACA) survey can capture the data needed to assess adaptive capacity and the preferred mode alternatives. The survey asks for the essentiality of each trip and the alternative travel modes currently available. TACA surveys were carried out in Christchurch, Oamaru and Dunedin. Over 550 participants completed the survey in 2008–2010. The survey participant demographics, trip generation and mode data compared well with government data. The report found that for these three South Island centres, some adaptive capacity is possible, with Christchurch participants showing the greatest adaptive capacity. The TACA survey is a useful tool for further research into travel behaviour and mode choice. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7742 Title: Chemical variability of groundwater samples collected from a coal seam gas exploration well, Maramarua, New Zealand Authors: Taulis, M.; Milke, M. Abstract: A pilot study has produced 31 groundwater samples from a coal seam gas (CSG) exploration well located in Maramarua, New Zealand. This paper describes sources of CSG water chemistry variations, and makes sampling and analytical recommendations to minimize these variations. The hydrochemical character of these samples is studied using factor analysis, geochemical modelling, and a sparging experiment. Factor analysis unveils carbon dioxide (CO2) degassing as the principal cause of sample variation (about 33%). Geochemical modelling corroborates these results and identifies minor precipitation of carbonate minerals with degassing. The sparging experiment confirms the effect of CO2 degassing by showing a steady rise in pH while maintaining constant alkalinity. Factor analysis correlates variations in the major ion composition (about 17%) to changes in the pumping regime and to aquifer chemistry variations due to cation exchange reactions with argillaceous minerals. An effective CSG water sampling program can be put into practice by measuring pH at the well head and alkalinity at the laboratory; these data can later be used to calculate the carbonate speciation at the time the sample was collected. In addition, TDS variations can be reduced considerably if a correct drying temperature of 180°C is consistently implemented. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7737 Title: Cyclic Performance of Beam-Column Joints with Extended Column Fixed at Base: Part I - Experimental Investigation Authors: Joyklad, P.; Pimanmas, A.; Dhakal, R.P. Abstract: The seismic performance of a non-seismically detailed reinforced concrete (RC) beam–column joint with column pinned and fixed at the base is experimentally investigated in this paper. Six half-scale RC beam–column specimens were tested to study the effect of inflection point on the cyclic behaviour of beam–column sub-assemblages. The specimens were separated into two groups. The shape of specimens in the first group was cruciform; the size of the column in those specimens was varied while the size of beam was kept nearly constant. The dimensions and reinforcing detail of specimens in the second group were identical to those in the first one except that the column was extended to the footing and fixed at the base. The main variable in this study was the relative stiffness between beam and column, which affects the position of the inflection point. The test results demonstrated a significant effect of inflection point position on the load capacity, joint shear stress and failure mode. Description: http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/journals “Permission is granted by ICE Publishing to print one copy for personal use. Any other use of these PDF files is subject to reprint fees.” 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7729 Title: The combustion of wood, mainly as assessed by fluidised-bed differential thermal analysis, with particular reference to rubber wood Authors: Tan, Ah Goh Abstract: The combustion characteristics of Rubber wood were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) carried out in fluidised-beds. Test samples up to 10 mm in diameter and fluidising gas of different oxygen concentrations were used. A number of tropical hardwoods were included in the study for comparison. Prior to the above study, investigations on the thermal behaviour of Rubber wood in an inert environment, in particular, the effect of particle size, were carried out. The particle sizes used ranged from smaller than 150 mesh to 19 mm diameter. The yields of the various degradation products and the temperature range within which they were formed were noted. The liquid and gaseous products were analysed, the former qualitatively (by proton and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy) and the latter quantitatively (by GLC). Thermogravimetric analyses of the test materials were performed in both inert and oxidative environments to provide information complementary to those obtained from DTA, in particular, char yield and burning time in a stationary bed. The ash contents of the wood species under study were determined. The adverse effect of ash on wood combustion was demonstrated in combustion experiments carried out in a down-draught incinerator using 5 cm thick blocks. Besides Rubber wood, three other species were used, including radiate Pine. 1986-01-01T00:00:00Z