http://hdl.handle.net/10092/160 2013-05-23T07:26:36Z 2013-05-23T07:26:36Z Dixon, K. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7740 2013-05-21T02:47:07Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A genealogy of knowledge as an accountable commodity Authors: Dixon, K. Abstract: This study is about how and why knowledge in the form of higher education learning has come to be accounted for using calculative practices. These practices are evident in public funding of higher education based on equivalent full-time students, student fee charging methods, credit accumulation and transfer systems, qualification frameworks, graduate profiles, levels of learning, learning outcomes, specifications of qualifications and courses/modules in credit points, assessment scores and grades, students’ academic records, diploma supplements, and things of that ilk. Using a genealogical approach, the antecedents of these various paraphernalia are analysed and exemplified, mainly in a former British settler-colony/dominion setting that is now a parliamentary democracy but in which managerialistic ideas are ascendant. There, the antecedents were influenced significantly by practices of the ancient universities in the colonising country. This was in an effort to attain equivalence in standards to these institutions, but at the same time being cognisant of the colony’s needs for but shortage of secondary school teachers; and later, the dominion’s needs for various professionals, including academics. Consequent to political, economic and social change in the post-WWII years, increased demands for educated labour, restructuring of higher education as a public policy system, broadening of the higher education curriculum, wider access to higher education, and mechanised forms of accounting also became influential. The third major twist was the imposition on and adoption by higher education institutions of various ideas associated with neo-liberalism and managerialism. These have included giving students the status of consumers, managing academics and academic innovation, standardising qualifications, and formalising quality assurance, including using audit and accreditation methods. Incidental to these histories, the study raises the basic issue of whether the practices and paraphernalia analysed comprise an as yet unrecognised form of accounting.

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Dixon, K. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7739 2013-05-21T02:36:47Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Functions of accounting, types of rulership (-archies) and forms of rule (-[o]cracies) Authors: Dixon, K. Abstract: This critical history is concerned with accountings as technologies of domination and of legitimation. Widespread studies of accounting usages and their contexts have illuminated these socio-political functions of accounting. Many of these studies are set in governmental contexts, where budgets, budgetary accounting and budgetary reporting have attained special significance in matters of imposing and appropriating taxes. The present study is set in this context but is distinguishable in several respects. The author genealogizes the accounting presently associated with a sovereign state described variously as a parliamentary democracy, constitutional (or limited) monarchy and commonwealth realm; and which has led a recent worldwide neo-liberal trend away from bureaucracy towards managocracy. Furthermore, the direct ancestors of this accounting are discernible over at least one millennium – so making the study truly longitudinal – and were used under several other -archies and -[o]cracies. Indeed, mostly, these ancestors were used in a distant geographical context, and some were a technology of the colonialism that precipitated the present sovereign state. That colonialism gave way to neo-imperialism, perpetrated by a settler élite in conjunction with external parties able to exercise significant power from a distance, assisted by accounting. There are still elements of neo-imperialism today, some of it reinforced by accounting as a technology of globalisation. The study is predicated on the inadequacies of history being relevant to understanding the present and contemplating the future, which will include the choice between the accession of the next hereditary monarch or the establishment of a republic.

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Green, T. Richardson, A. Parry, S. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7736 2013-05-20T12:30:10Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Colonoscopy requirements of population screening for colorectal cancer in New Zealand Authors: Green, T.; Richardson, A.; Parry, S. Abstract: Aim - To estimate the colonoscopy burden of introducing population screening for colorectal cancer in New Zealand. Methods - Screening for colorectal cancer using biennial immunochemical faecal occult blood tests offered to people aged 50–74 years of age was modelled using population estimates from Statistics New Zealand for 2011–2031. Modelling to determine colonoscopy requirements was based on participation and test positivity rates from published results of screening programmes. Estimates of the number of procedures required for ongoing adenoma surveillance were calculated using screening literature results of adenoma yield, and New Zealand Guidelines for Adenoma Surveillance. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken on key parameters. Results - For a test positivity of 6.4%, biennial screening using immunochemical faecal occult blood testing with a 60% participation rate, would require 18,000 colonoscopies nationally, increasing to 28,000 by 2031. The majority of procedures are direct referrals from a positive FOBT, with surveillance colonoscopy numbers building over time. Conclusion - Colonoscopy requirements for immunochemical faecal occult blood based population screening for colorectal cancer are high. Significant expansion of services is required and careful management of surveillance procedures to ensure timely delivery of initial colonoscopies whilst maintaining symptomatic services. A model re-run informed by data from the screening pilot will allow improved estimates for the New Zealand setting.

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Crampton, E. Burgess, M. Taylor, B. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7696 2013-05-14T12:30:13Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: What's in a cost? Comparing economic and public health measures of alcohol's social costs Authors: Crampton, E.; Burgess, M.; Taylor, B. Abstract: Studies based on a cost of illness method frequently assert large social costs from a variety of risky activities, the harms from which most typically fall upon the risk-taker himself. Many of these costs are inadmissible in a standard economic framework; consequently, figures derived by the cost of illness method are not comparable with other economic notions of cost and are of very limited policy use.

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z